spow workers assign  mappers
assign reducers 
Issues to be handled by the run time
Master data structures
– location of files created by completed mapper
– score board of mapper/reducer assignment
– fault tolerance
 * start new instances if no timely resonse
 * completion message from redundant stragglers
– locality management
– task granlarity
– backup tasks
Content Delivery Networks
Napster started for music sharing
content hash, node-id where content stored
content-hash = 149 => <149, 80>
Name space {key-space, node-space}
content -> sha-1 -> unique 160-bit key, unique 160-bit node id
Objective:
 -> node id  such that  – 
APIs
– put key, getkey
CDN – an overlay network
routing table at A, name, node id, next
multimedia API
middleware
commodity OS
Parallel program
-pthreads: API for parallel programs
Distributed programs
-sockets: API for distributed programs
Conventional Distributed program
client – unix(socket) – server e.g. NFS
Novel multimedia Apps
sensor-based: sensors, distributed
sense -> prioritize -> process -> actuate
computationally intensive, real time
large-scale situation awareness
PTS Programming Model
Channel ch1 =
 lookup(“video channel”)
while(1){
 // get data
 response γ =
  ch1.get()
 // process data
 …
 // produce output
  ch2.put(item,)
}