随机应变 ABCD: Always Be Coding and … : хороший
David went to the meeting with Ashok by car.
Thematic Role
verb : go
agent : David
coagent : Ashok
destination : meeting
conveyance : car
Prepositional Constraints
Preposition, Themantic Roles
by | agent, conveyance, location
for | beneficiary, duration
from | source
to | destination
with | coagent, instrument
e.g.
That was written by Ashok.
David went to New York by train
David stood by the statue.
Why do we need formal logic?
Soundness: Only valid conclusions can be proven.
Completeness: All valid conclusions can be proven.
Vertebrate -> Bird -> Eagle, Bluebird, Penguin
If an animal has feathers, then it is a bird.
If an animal lays eggs and it files, then it is a bird.
Ashok ate a frog.
subject: Ashok
object: a frog
time:
utensils:
object-alive: false
object-is: in-subject
subject-mood: happy
David ate a pizza at home:
subject: David
object: a pizza
time:
utensils:
object-alive: false
object-is: in-subject
subject-mood: happy
Angela ate lasagna with her dad last night at Olive Garden.
subject : Angela
object : lasagna
location : Olive Garden
time : night
utensils :
object-alive : false
object-is : in-subject
subject-mood : happy
Low Level <-> High Level
Hardware/Implementation Level(e.g. a brain, transister), Algrithm/Symbol Level(e.g. means-ends analysis, semantic networks), Task/Knowledge Level(e.g. selecting a pitch, playing baseball)
The layers of Watson: the physical computer searching and decision-making answering the inputted clue
Assumptions of a Cognitive Architecture
– Goal-oriented
– Rich, complex envrionment
– Significant knowledge
– Symbols and abstractions
– Flexible and function of the environment
– Learning
Architecture + Content = Behavior
Function for cognitive architectures: f:P* -> A
Percepts -> Action
SOAR
Procedural, Semantic, Episodic
-> Working Memory
A:B
x -> x :unchanged
y -> y :expanded
z -> z :deleted
lexically: nodes
structurally: directional links
semantically: application specific labels
Guards and prisonaers
similarity weight
5point for unchanged, 4 for reflected, 3 for rotated, 2 for scaled, 1 for deleted, 0 for shape changed
-intelligent agents have limited resources
-computation is local, but problems have global constraints
-logic is deductive, but many problems are not
-The world is dynamic, but knowledge is limited
-Problem solving, reasoning, and learning are complex, but explanation and justification are even more complex
Characteristics of AI Agents
-Agent have limited computing power
-Agent have limited sensors
-Agent have limited attention
-Computational logic is fundamentally deductive
-AI agents’ knowledge is incomplete relative to the world
input ->
Cognitive System
Metacognition
Deliberation:Reasoning, Learning, Memory
Reaction
-> output
Foundation
machine learning, semantic web, airplane autopilot, improvisational robots
apply plugin: 'java'
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
testCompile 'junit:junit:4.11'
}
[vagrant@localhost ud867]$ gradle test :compileJava UP-TO-DATE :processResources UP-TO-DATE :classes UP-TO-DATE :compileTestJava UP-TO-DATE :processTestResources UP-TO-DATE :testClasses UP-TO-DATE :test UP-TO-DATE BUILD SUCCESSFUL Total time: 7.617 secs
apply plugin: 'java'
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
compile 'org.springframework:spring-core:4.1.1.RELEASE'
}
[vagrant@localhost ud867]$ gradle dependencies
:dependencies
------------------------------------------------------------
Root project
------------------------------------------------------------
archives - Configuration for archive artifacts.
No dependencies
compile - Compile classpath for source set 'main'.
Download http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/spring-core/4.1.1.RELEASE/spring-core-4.1.1.RELEASE.pom
Download http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/commons-logging/commons-logging/1.1.3/commons-logging-1.1.3.pom
Download http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/commons/commons-parent/28/commons-parent-28.pom
Download http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/apache/13/apache-13.pom
\--- org.springframework:spring-core:4.1.1.RELEASE
\--- commons-logging:commons-logging:1.1.3
default - Configuration for default artifacts.
\--- org.springframework:spring-core:4.1.1.RELEASE
\--- commons-logging:commons-logging:1.1.3
runtime - Runtime classpath for source set 'main'.
\--- org.springframework:spring-core:4.1.1.RELEASE
\--- commons-logging:commons-logging:1.1.3
testCompile - Compile classpath for source set 'test'.
\--- org.springframework:spring-core:4.1.1.RELEASE
\--- commons-logging:commons-logging:1.1.3
testRuntime - Runtime classpath for source set 'test'.
\--- org.springframework:spring-core:4.1.1.RELEASE
\--- commons-logging:commons-logging:1.1.3
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 12.807 secs
$ gradle dependencies –configuration runtime
$ gradle dependencyInsight –dependency commons-logging
apply plugin: 'java'
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
compile 'commons-logging:commons-logging:1.1.3'
testCompile 'junit:junit:4.11'
}
[vagrant@localhost ud867]$ gradle dependencies
:dependencies
------------------------------------------------------------
Root project
------------------------------------------------------------
archives - Configuration for archive artifacts.
No dependencies
compile - Compile classpath for source set 'main'.
\--- commons-logging:commons-logging:1.1.3
default - Configuration for default artifacts.
\--- commons-logging:commons-logging:1.1.3
runtime - Runtime classpath for source set 'main'.
\--- commons-logging:commons-logging:1.1.3
testCompile - Compile classpath for source set 'test'.
Download http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/junit/junit/4.11/junit-4.11.pom
Download http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/hamcrest/hamcrest-core/1.3/hamcrest-core-1.3.pom
Download http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/hamcrest/hamcrest-parent/1.3/hamcrest-parent-1.3.pom
+--- commons-logging:commons-logging:1.1.3
\--- junit:junit:4.11
\--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3
testRuntime - Runtime classpath for source set 'test'.
+--- commons-logging:commons-logging:1.1.3
\--- junit:junit:4.11
\--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 10.61 secs
jar {
manifest {
attributes 'Implementation-Version': '1.0' // 2. Add manifest attribute
}
}
Working with repositories
repositories {
flatDir {
dirs 'libs'
}
}
repositories {
mavenCentral()
mavenLocal()
jcenter()
}
repositories {
maven {
url 'https://repo.foo.org/m2'
}
}
repositories {
ivy {
url 'https://repo.foo.org/m2'
credentials {
username 'user'
password 'secret'
}
}
}
compile -> jar -> documentation -> test -> report
apply plugin: "java"
[vagrant@localhost ud867]$ gradle tasks :tasks ------------------------------------------------------------ All tasks runnable from root project ------------------------------------------------------------ Build tasks ----------- assemble - Assembles the outputs of this project. build - Assembles and tests this project. buildDependents - Assembles and tests this project and all projects that depend on it. buildNeeded - Assembles and tests this project and all projects it depends on. classes - Assembles classes 'main'. clean - Deletes the build directory. jar - Assembles a jar archive containing the main classes. testClasses - Assembles classes 'test'. Build Setup tasks ----------------- init - Initializes a new Gradle build. [incubating] wrapper - Generates Gradle wrapper files. [incubating] Documentation tasks ------------------- javadoc - Generates Javadoc API documentation for the main source code. Help tasks ---------- dependencies - Displays all dependencies declared in root project 'ud867'. dependencyInsight - Displays the insight into a specific dependency in root project 'ud867'. help - Displays a help message projects - Displays the sub-projects of root project 'ud867'. properties - Displays the properties of root project 'ud867'. tasks - Displays the tasks runnable from root project 'ud867'. Verification tasks ------------------ check - Runs all checks. test - Runs the unit tests. Rules ----- Pattern: clean: Cleans the output files of a task. Pattern: build : Assembles the artifacts of a configuration. Pattern: upload : Assembles and uploads the artifacts belonging to a configuration. To see all tasks and more detail, run with --all. BUILD SUCCESSFUL Total time: 8.759 secs
asemble
[vagrant@localhost ud867]$ gradle assemble :compileJava UP-TO-DATE :processResources UP-TO-DATE :classes UP-TO-DATE :jar :assemble BUILD SUCCESSFUL Total time: 6.788 secs