Eloquent ORMはLaravelに含まれており、美しくシンプルなアクティブレコードによるデーター操作の実装です。 それぞれのデータベーステーブルは関連する「モデル」と結びついている
The Eloquent ORM included with Laravel provides a beautiful, simple ActiveRecord implementation for working with your database. Each database table has a corresponding “Model” which is used to interact with that table. Models allow you to query for data in your tables, as well as insert new records into the table.
Before getting started, be sure to configure a database connection in config/database.php. For more information on configuring your database, check out the documentation.
Defining Models
To get started, let’s create an Eloquent model. Models typically live in the app directory, but you are free to place them anywhere that can be auto-loaded according to your composer.json file. All Eloquent models extend Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model class.
The easiest way to create a model instance is using the make:model Artisan command:
php artisan make:model Flight php artisan make:model Flight --migration php artisan make:model Flight -m
Eloquent Model Conventions
Now, let’s look at an example Flight model, which we will use to retrieve and store information from our flights database table:
Table Names
Note that we did not tell Eloquent which table to use for our Flight model. By convention, the “snake case”, plural name of the class will be used as the table name unless another name is explicitly specified. So, in this case, Eloquent will assume the Flight model stores records in the flights table. You may specify a custom table by defining a table property on your model:
Primary Keys
Eloquent will also assume that each table has a primary key column named id. You may define a protected $primaryKey property to override this convention.
In addition, Eloquent assumes that the primary key is an incrementing integer value, which means that by default the primary key will be cast to an int automatically. If you wish to use a non-incrementing or a non-numeric primary key you must set the public $incrementing property on your model to false. If your primary key is not an integer, you should set the protected $keyType property on your model to string.
Timestamps
By default, Eloquent expects created_at and updated_at columns to exist on your tables. If you do not wish to have these columns automatically managed by Eloquent, set the $timestamps property on your model to false:
Retrieving Models
Once you have created a model and its associated database table, you are ready to start retrieving data from your database. Think of each Eloquent model as a powerful query builder allowing you to fluently query the database table associated with the model. For example:
$flights = App\Flight::all();
foreach ($flights as $flight) {
echo $flight->name;
}
Retrieving Single Models / Aggregates
Of course, in addition to retrieving all of the records for a given table, you may also retrieve single records using find or first. Instead of returning a collection of models, these methods return a single model instance:
Inserting & Updating Models
Inserts
To create a new record in the database, create a new model instance, set attributes on the model, then call the save method:
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Flight;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
class FlightController extends Controller
{
/**
* Create a new flight instance.
*
* @param Request $request
* @return Response
*/
public function store(Request $request)
{
// Validate the request...
$flight = new Flight;
$flight->name = $request->name;
$flight->save();
}
}
In this example, we assign the name parameter from the incoming HTTP request to the name attribute of the App\Flight model instance. When we call the save method, a record will be inserted into the database. The created_at and updated_at timestamps will automatically be set when the save method is called, so there is no need to set them manually.
Updates
The save method may also be used to update models that already exist in the database. To update a model, you should retrieve it, set any attributes you wish to update, and then call the save method. Again, the updated_at timestamp will automatically be updated, so there is no need to manually set its value:
