Facades

Facades…正面
また変な単語が出てきた。もーいい加減にしてくれ。

Introduction
Facades provide a “static” interface to classes that are available in the application’s service container. Laravel ships with many facades which provide access to almost all of Laravel’s features. Laravel facades serve as “static proxies” to underlying classes in the service container, providing the benefit of a terse, expressive syntax while maintaining more testability and flexibility than traditional static methods.

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;

Route::get('/cache', function () {
    return Cache::get('key');
});

Throughout the Laravel documentation, many of the examples will use facades to demonstrate various features of the framework.

When To Use Facades
Facades have many benefits. They provide a terse, memorable syntax that allows you to use Laravel’s features without remembering long class names that must be injected or configured manually. Furthermore, because of their unique usage of PHP’s dynamic methods, they are easy to test.

However, some care must be taken when using facades. The primary danger of facades is class scope creep. Since facades are so easy to use and do not require injection, it can be easy to let your classes continue to grow and use many facades in a single class. Using dependency injection, this potential is mitigated by the visual feedback a large constructor gives you that your class is growing too large. So, when using facades, pay special attention to the size of your class so that its scope of responsibility stays narrow.
なんだ、facadeがstatic interfaceってのはわかるが、イマイチわからんぞ。

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;

Route::get('/cache', function () {
    return Cache::get('key');
});

facadesの下層にchacheがある。
We can write the following test to verify that the Cache::get method was called with the argument we expected:

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;

/**
 * A basic functional test example.
 *
 * @return void
 */
public function testBasicExample()
{
    Cache::shouldReceive('get')
         ->with('key')
         ->andReturn('value');

    $this->visit('/cache')
         ->see('value');
}

basicといっても、テストしずらいなー

Facades Vs. Helper Functions
In addition to facades, Laravel includes a variety of “helper” functions which can perform common tasks like generating views, firing events, dispatching jobs, or sending HTTP responses. Many of these helper functions perform the same function as a corresponding facade. For example, this facade call and helper call are equivalent:

return View::make('profile');

return view('profile');

There is absolutely no practical difference between facades and helper functions. When using helper functions, you may still test them exactly as you would the corresponding facade. For example, given the following route:

Route::get('/cache', function () {
    return cache('key');
});

helperとfacadeは違うんだな。helperはlibraryみたいなもんだという認識います。
Under the hood, the cache helper is going to call the get method on the class underlying the Cache facade. So, even though we are using the helper function, we can write the following test to verify that the method was called with the argument we expected:
こちらはfacade

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;

/**
 * A basic functional test example.
 *
 * @return void
 */
public function testBasicExample()
{
    Cache::shouldReceive('get')
         ->with('key')
         ->andReturn('value');

    $this->visit('/cache')
         ->see('value');
}

How Facades Work
In a Laravel application, a facade is a class that provides access to an object from the container. The machinery that makes this work is in the Facade class. Laravel’s facades, and any custom facades you create, will extend the base Illuminate\Support\Facades\Facade class.

The Facade base class makes use of the __callStatic() magic-method to defer calls from your facade to an object resolved from the container. In the example below, a call is made to the Laravel cache system. By glancing at this code, one might assume that the static method get is being called on the Cache class:

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;

class UserController extends Controller
{
    /**
     * Show the profile for the given user.
     *
     * @param  int  $id
     * @return Response
     */
    public function showProfile($id)
    {
        $user = Cache::get('user:'.$id);

        return view('profile', ['user' => $user]);
    }
}

Notice that near the top of the file we are “importing” the Cache facade. This facade serves as a proxy to accessing the underlying implementation of the Illuminate\Contracts\Cache\Factory interface. Any calls we make using the facade will be passed to the underlying instance of Laravel’s cache service.

If we look at that Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache class, you’ll see that there is no static method get:

class Cache extends Facade
{
    /**
     * Get the registered name of the component.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected static function getFacadeAccessor() { return 'cache'; }
}

Instead, the Cache facade extends the base Facade class and defines the method getFacadeAccessor(). This method’s job is to return the name of a service container binding. When a user references any static method on the Cache facade, Laravel resolves the cache binding from the service container and runs the requested method (in this case, get) against that object.

Real-Time Facades
Using real-time facades, you may treat any class in your application as if it were a facade. To illustrate how this can be used, let’s examine an alternative. For example, let’s assume our Podcast model has a publish method. However, in order to publish the podcast, we need to inject a Publisher instance:

namespace App;

use App\Contracts\Publisher;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Podcast extends Model
{
    /**
     * Publish the podcast.
     *
     * @param  Publisher  $publisher
     * @return void
     */
    public function publish(Publisher $publisher)
    {
        $this->update(['publishing' => now()]);

        $publisher->publish($this);
    }
}

Injecting a publisher implementation into the method allows us to easily test the method in isolation since we can mock the injected publisher. However, it requires us to always pass a publisher instance each time we call the publish method. Using real-time facades, we can maintain the same testability while not being required to explicitly pass a Publisher instance. To generate a real-time facade, prefix the namespace of the imported class with Facades:

namespace App;

use Facades\App\Contracts\Publisher;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Podcast extends Model
{
    /**
     * Publish the podcast.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function publish()
    {
        $this->update(['publishing' => now()]);

        Publisher::publish($this);
    }
}

Facades\App\Contracts なんてあったけ。
ところで、Illuminateって。。

あ、laravel/framework/src/illuminateの下に見つけた！
これ読みに行ってんのか～なるほどなるほど。

namespace Tests\Feature;

use App\Podcast;
use Tests\TestCase;
use Facades\App\Contracts\Publisher;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;

class PodcastTest extends TestCase
{
    use RefreshDatabase;

    /**
     * A test example.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function test_podcast_can_be_published()
    {
        $podcast = factory(Podcast::class)->create();

        Publisher::shouldReceive('publish')->once()->with($podcast);

        $podcast->publish();
    }
}

Below you will find every facade and its underlying class. This is a useful tool for quickly digging into the API documentation for a given facade root. The service container binding key is also included where applicable.

App Illuminate\Foundation\Application app
Artisan Illuminate\Contracts\Console\Kernel artisan
Auth Illuminate\Auth\AuthManager auth
Auth (Instance) Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Guard auth.driver
Blade Illuminate\View\Compilers\BladeCompiler blade.compiler
Broadcast Illuminate\Contracts\Broadcasting\Factory
Broadcast (Instance) Illuminate\Contracts\Broadcasting\Broadcaster
Bus Illuminate\Contracts\Bus\Dispatcher
Cache Illuminate\Cache\CacheManager cache
Cache (Instance) Illuminate\Cache\Repository cache.store
Config Illuminate\Config\Repository config
Cookie Illuminate\Cookie\CookieJar cookie
Crypt Illuminate\Encryption\Encrypter encrypter
DB Illuminate\Database\DatabaseManager db
DB (Instance) Illuminate\Database\Connection db.connection
Event Illuminate\Events\Dispatcher events
File Illuminate\Filesystem\Filesystem files
Gate Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Access\Gate
Hash Illuminate\Contracts\Hashing\Hasher hash
Lang Illuminate\Translation\Translator translator
Log Illuminate\Log\Logger log
Mail Illuminate\Mail\Mailer mailer
Notification Illuminate\Notifications\ChannelManager
Password Illuminate\Auth\Passwords\PasswordBrokerManager auth.password
Password (Instance) Illuminate\Auth\Passwords\PasswordBroker auth.password.broker
Queue Illuminate\Queue\QueueManager queue
Queue (Instance) Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\Queue queue.connection
Queue (Base Class) Illuminate\Queue\Queue
Redirect Illuminate\Routing\Redirector redirect
Redis Illuminate\Redis\RedisManager redis
Redis (Instance) Illuminate\Redis\Connections\Connection redis.connection
Request Illuminate\Http\Request request
Response Illuminate\Contracts\Routing\ResponseFactory
Response (Instance) Illuminate\Http\Response
Route Illuminate\Routing\Router router
Schema Illuminate\Database\Schema\Builder
Session Illuminate\Session\SessionManager session
Session (Instance) Illuminate\Session\Store session.store
Storage Illuminate\Filesystem\FilesystemManager filesystem
Storage (Instance) Illuminate\Contracts\Filesystem\Filesystem filesystem.disk
URL Illuminate\Routing\UrlGenerator url
Validator Illuminate\Validation\Factory validator
Validator (Instance) Illuminate\Validation\Validator
View Illuminate\View\Factory view
View (Instance) Illuminate\View\View

うわ、class読み込みまくってる。
vendorにロジックが全て詰まってるやんけ。つまり、config/appとかは、framework使う人向けで、laravel開発している人はvendorの方を作ってる。
うあーすげーな。