Category: Rust

【Rust】base64で画像を文字列に変換

想像以上に文字列のデータ量が多すぎる…

use std::fs::File;
use std::io::Write;
use std::path::Path;

static FILE_NAME: &'static str = "test";

fn main() {

    let path = "./data/img1.png";
    let base64 = image_base64::to_base64(path);
    println!("{:?}", base64);
    
    let img = image_base64::from_base64(base64);

    let file_type = "png";
    let mut output = File::create(&Path::new(&format!("./data/{}.{}", FILE_NAME, file_type))).unwrap();
    output.write_all(img.as_slice()).unwrap();

}

…
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
….

うーん、これはちょっと無理ですね。。

【Rust】○✖️ゲーム(minmax)

use rand::Rng;
use std::cmp::Ordering;

static goal:[i32; 8] = [ 0b111000000, 0b000111000, 0b000000111, 0b100100100,
            0b010010010, 0b001001001, 0b100010001, 0b001010100];

fn check(player: i32) -> bool {
    for mask in goal {
        if player & mask == mask {
            return true
        }
    }
    return false 
}

fn minmax(p1: i32, p2: i32, turn: bool) -> i32 {
    if check(p2) {
        if turn {
            return 1
        } else {
            return -1
        }
    }
    let board: i32 = p1 | p2;
    if board == 0b111111111{
        return 0
    }

    let mut w = Vec::new();
    for i in 0..9 {
        if board & (1 << i) == 0 {
            w.push(i);
        }
    }

    let mut k = Vec::new();
    if turn {
        for i in w {
           k.push(minmax(p2, p1 | (1 << i), !turn))
        }
        return *k.iter().min().unwrap();
    } else {
        for i in w {
            k.push(minmax(p2, p1 | (1 << i), !turn))
        }
        return *k.iter().max().unwrap();
    }
    

}

fn play(p1: i32, p2: i32, turn: bool) {
    if check(p2) {
        println!("{:09b}, {:09b}", p1, p2);
        return
    } 

    let board: i32 = p1 | p2;
    if board == 0b111111111{
        println!("{:09b}, {:09b}", p1, p2);
        return
    }
    let mut w = Vec::new();
    for i in 0..9 {
        if board & (1 << i) == 0 {
            w.push(i);
        }
    }

    let mut r  = Vec::new();
    for i in w.clone() {
        r.push(minmax(p2, p1 | (1 << i), true))
    }
    let n = r.iter()
        .enumerate()
        .max_by(|(_, a), (_, b)| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap_or(Ordering::Equal))
        .map(|(index, _)| index).unwrap();
    let j = w[n];
    play(p2, p1 | (1 << j), !turn);
}

fn main() {
    play(0, 0, true);
}

Finished `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.32s
Running `target/debug/rust`
001110010, 110001101

う、なんか違うな…

    let mut rnd = rand::thread_rng();
    let k = rnd.gen_range(1..n);
    let j = w[k];

このようにすると、ランダム性が出る。。

【Rust】○✖️ゲーム

マスを0と1で表現して、2進法の加算で判定する。

fn main() {

    println!("{:09b}", 0b111000000 & 0b000111111);
    println!("{:09b}", 0b111000000 & 0b101100010);
    println!("{:09b}", 0b111000000 & 0b111000010);
}

000000000
101000000
111000000

ちなみに、0b111000000など2進数の型はi32

use rand::Rng;

static goal:[i32; 8] = [ 0b111000000, 0b000111000, 0b000000111, 0b100100100,
            0b010010010, 0b001001001, 0b100010001, 0b001010100];

fn check(player: i32) -> bool {
    for mask in goal {
        if player & mask == mask {
            return true
        }
    }
    return false 
}

fn play(p1: i32, p2: i32) {
    if check(p2) {
        println!("{:09b}, {:09b}", p1, p2);
        return
    } 

    let board: i32 = p1 | p2;
    if board == 0b111111111{
        println!("{:09b}, {:09b}", p1, p2);
        return
    }
    let mut w = Vec::new();
    for i in 0..9 {
        if board & (1 << i) == 0 {
            w.push(i);
        }
    }
    let n = w.len() + 1;
    let mut rnd = rand::thread_rng();
    let r = rnd.gen_range(1..n);
    play(p2, p1 | (1 << r));
}

fn main() {
    play(0, 0);
}

Finished `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.30s
Running `target/debug/rust`
010001000, 001111000

これはさっぱりわからん…

【Rust】指定パスのファイル、ディレクトリを取得(depth & linear)

ファイル、フォルダの取得
fs::read_dir()がファイルの一覧取得

use std::error::Error;
use std::fs;
use std::path;

pub fn read_dir(path: &str) -> Result<Vec<path::PathBuf>, Box<dyn Error>>{
    let dir = fs::read_dir(path)?;
    let mut files: Vec<path::PathBuf> = Vec::new();
    for item in dir.into_iter() {
        files.push(item?.path());
    }
    Ok(files)
}


fn main() {
    let files = read_dir("./");
    println!("{:?}", files);
}

Compiling rust v0.1.0 (/home/vagrant/dev/algorithm/rust)
Finished `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.43s
Running `target/debug/rust`
Ok([“./target”, “./.gitignore”, “./Cargo.lock”, “./Cargo.toml”, “./.git”, “./src”])

### 再帰的にディレクトリ内のファイルを取得

use std::error::Error;
use std::fs;
use std::path;

pub fn read_dir(path: &path::PathBuf) {
    let dir = fs::read_dir(path).unwrap();
    let mut files: Vec<path::PathBuf> = Vec::new();
    for item in dir.into_iter() {
        
        let name = item.unwrap().path();
        if name.is_dir() {
            read_dir(&name);
        } else {
            files.push(name);
        }
    }
    println!("{:?}", files);
}


fn main() {
    let path = path::PathBuf::from("./src");
    read_dir(&path);
}

    Finished `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.20s
     Running `target/debug/rust`
["./src/test/test.rs"]
["./src/binary_search.rs", "./src/linear_search.rs", "./src/fibonacci.rs", "./src/tree_search.rs", "./src/main.rs", "./src/maze.rs", "./src/cardinal.rs", "./src/vending_machine.rs", "./src/fizzbuzz.rs", "./src/8queen.rs", "./src/prime.rs"]

これは感覚的に理解しやすいですね。

### 幅優先探索
再帰で検索するのではなく、ディレクトリをvectorに追加していき、各ディレクトリのファイルをそれぞれ取得していく。答えは同じだが、深さで検索するのではなく、対象を一つ一つ処理していくところが面白い。

fn main() {
    let mut queue: VecDeque<path::PathBuf> = VecDeque::new();
    queue.push_back("./src".into());
    let mut files: Vec<path::PathBuf> = Vec::new();

    while queue.len() > 0 {
        let path = queue.pop_front();
        let dir = fs::read_dir(path.unwrap()).unwrap();
        for item in dir.into_iter() {
            let name = item.unwrap().path();
            if name.is_dir() {
                queue.push_back(name);
            } else {
                files.push(name);
            }
        }
    }
    println!("{:?}", files);
}

Finished `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.42s
Running `target/debug/rust`
["./src/binary_search.rs", "./src/linear_search.rs", "./src/fibonacci.rs", "./src/tree_search.rs", "./src/main.rs", "./src/maze.rs", "./src/cardinal.rs", "./src/vending_machine.rs", "./src/fizzbuzz.rs", "./src/read_dir.rs", "./src/8queen.rs", "./src/prime.rs", "./src/test/test.rs"]

【Rust】ハノイの塔

再起的なので、対象枚数が増えるほど、指数関数的に計算数が増えていく。

use std::env;

fn hanoi(n: i32, src: String, dist: String, via: String) { // n, 移動元、移動先、経由
    if n > 1 {
        hanoi(n - 1, src.clone(), via.clone(), dist.clone());
        println!("{} -> {}", src.clone(), dist.clone());
        hanoi(n - 1, via.clone(), dist.clone(), src.clone());
    } else {
        println!("{} -> {}", src.clone(), dist.clone());
    }

}

fn main() {
    let args: Vec<String> = env::args().collect();
    let n = args[1].parse::<i32>().unwrap();
    println!("入力値:{}", n);

    hanoi(n, "a".to_string(), "b".to_string(), "c".to_string());
}

Compiling rust v0.1.0 (/home/vagrant/dev/algorithm/rust)
Finished `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.26s
Running `target/debug/rust 3`
入力値:3
a -> b
a -> c
b -> c
a -> b
c -> a
c -> b
a -> b

### 考察
3 a b c (a->b)
2 a c b (a->c)
1 a b c (a->b)
1 b c a (b->c)
3 a b c (a->b)
2 ….

【Rust】簡易的なBloomfilter

ブルームフィルタを更新していくロジックがいまいちわからんが、なんとなく

use std::hash::{DefaultHasher, Hash, Hasher};

#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
struct BloomFilter {
    filter: [i32; 10],
}

impl BloomFilter {
    fn set_v(&mut self, val: String) {
        let list: Vec<u8> = self.n_hash(val);
        for l in list {
            let i = usize::from(l);
            if self.filter[i] == 0 {
                self.filter[i] = 1
            } else {
                self.filter[i] = 2 }
        }    
    }

    fn n_hash(&self, val: String) -> Vec<u8>{
        let hashed = siphash(val);
        let list: Vec<u8> = s_digit(hashed);
        return list
    }

    fn check_v(self, val: String) -> bool {
        let list: Vec<u8> = self.n_hash(val);
        let mut c_bf = BloomFilter { filter: [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]};
        for l in list {
            let i = usize::from(l);
            if c_bf.filter[i] == 0 {
                c_bf.filter[i] = 1
            } else {
                c_bf.filter[i] = 2 }
        }
        return self == c_bf
    }
}

fn siphash(s: String) -> u64 {
    let mut siphash = DefaultHasher::new();
    s.hash(&mut siphash);
    return siphash.finish()
}

fn s_digit(n: u64) -> Vec<u8> {
    n.to_string()
        .chars()
        .into_iter()
        .map(|char| char.to_digit(10).unwrap() as u8)
        .collect()
}

fn main(){
    let mut bf = BloomFilter { filter: [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]};
    bf.set_v("hello world".to_string());
    println!("{:?}", bf);
    println!("{}", bf.clone().check_v("hello world!".to_string()));
    println!("{}", bf.clone().check_v("hello world".to_string()));
}

Finished `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.33s
Running `target/debug/wallet`
BloomFilter { filter: [2, 2, 0, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2] }
false
true

【Rust】8クイーン問題

fn check()は逆順にして、左下もしくは右下にあるかチェックしてる？
なんとなくわかるが、完全に理解していないのが辛いところ。。

use std::collections::VecDeque;

static N: usize = 8;

fn check(x: usize, mut col: VecDeque<usize>)-> bool {
    col.make_contiguous().reverse();

    let mut i = 0;
    for row in col {
        if ((x + i + 1) == row) || ((x as i32- i as i32 - 1) == row.try_into().unwrap()) {
            return false
        }
        i = i + 1;
    }
    return true
}

fn search(mut col: VecDeque<usize>){
    if col.clone().len() == N {
        println!("{:?}", &col);
    }

    for i in 0..N {
        if !col.contains(&i) {
            // println!("{:?}", &col);
            // println!("{}", i);
            if check(i, col.clone()) == true {
                col.push_back(i);
                search(col.clone());
                col.pop_front();
            }
        }
    }
}

fn main() {
    let col: VecDeque<usize> = VecDeque::new();
    search(col);
}

Finished `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.23s
Running `target/debug/rust`
[4, 1, 3, 5, 7, 2, 0, 6]
[1, 3, 5, 7, 2, 0, 6, 4]
[5, 2, 4, 6, 0, 3, 1, 7]
[2, 4, 6, 0, 3, 1, 7, 5]
[1, 3, 5, 7, 2, 0, 6, 4]
…

【Rust】迷路で進行方向からの右手手法

これのエラー処理に丸一日かかりました。。

fn main() {

    let mut maze = [
        [9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9],
        [9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9],
        [9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9],
        [9, 0, 9, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9],
        [9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9],
        [9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9],
        [9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 1, 9],
        [9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9],
        [9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9],
        [9, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9],
        [9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9],
        [9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9]
    ];

    let dir: [[i32; 2]; 4] = [[1, 0], [0, 1], [-1, 0], [0, -1]];

    let mut p:[i32; 4] = [1, 1, 0, 0]; // x, y, depth, d

    'main: while maze[p[0] as usize][p[1] as usize] != 1 {

        maze[p[0] as usize][p[1] as usize] = 2;

        'sub: for i in 0..4 {
            let mut j: i32 = 3;
            if i != 0 {
                j = (p[3] + i - 1) % 4
            } else if (p[3] - 1) < 0{
                j = (p[3] - 1 + 4) % 4
            } else {
                j = (p[3] - 1) % 4
            }
            println!("j: {}", j);
            println!("p0: {}", p[0]);
            println!("p1: {}", p[1]);
            println!("p2: {}", p[2]);
            println!("p3: {}", p[3]);
            if maze[(p[0] + dir[j as usize][0])as usize][(p[1] + dir[j as usize][1]) as usize] < 2 {
                p[0] += dir[j as usize][0]; // x
                p[1] += dir[j as usize][1]; // y
                p[3] = j as i32;   // d
                p[2] += 1;  // depth
                println!("yes: {}", j);
                println!("< 2 p0: {}", p[0]);
                println!("< 2 p1: {}", p[1]);
                println!("< 2 p2: {}", p[2]);
                println!("< 2 p3: {}", p[3]);
                break 'sub;
            } else if maze[(p[0] + dir[j as usize][0]) as usize][(p[1] + dir[j as usize][1]) as usize] == 2 {
                p[0] += dir[j as usize][0];
                p[1] += dir[j as usize][1];
                p[3] = j as i32;
                p[2] -= 1;
                println!("yes: {}", j);
                println!("= 2 p0: {}", p[0]);
                println!("= 2 p1: {}", p[1]);
                println!("= 2 p2: {}", p[2]);
                println!("= 2 p3: {}", p[3]);
                break 'sub;
            }
        }
    }
    println!("最終: {}", p[2]);
}

// 省略
最終: 28

【Rust】迷路のゴールを深さ優先探索(再帰処理)で探す

mutexで見にくいが、やってることは単純で、上下左右ではなく、行けるだけ上、下、左、右に移動して、行けるところがなくなったら、元に戻るというロジック。これも素晴らしいね。

use std::collections::VecDeque;
use std::sync::Mutex;

static maze: Mutex<[[usize; 12]; 12]> = Mutex::new([
    [9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9],
    [9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9],
    [9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9],
    [9, 0, 9, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9],
    [9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9],
    [9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9],
    [9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 1, 9],
    [9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9],
    [9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9],
    [9, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9],
    [9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9],
    [9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9]
]);

fn search(p:[usize; 3]) {

    if maze.lock().unwrap()[p[0]][p[1]] == 1 {
        println!("ゴール:{}-{}", p[0], p[1]); 
        println!("移動回数:{}", p[2]); // z
        return;
    }
    maze.lock().unwrap()[p[0]][p[1]] = 2;

    if maze.lock().unwrap()[p[0] - 1][p[1]] < 2 {
        search([p[0]- 1, p[1], p[2] + 1]);
    }
    if maze.lock().unwrap()[p[0] + 1][p[1]] < 2 {
        search([p[0]+1, p[1], p[2] + 1]);
    }
    if maze.lock().unwrap()[p[0]][p[1] - 1] < 2 {
        search([p[0], p[1] -1, p[2] + 1]);
    }
    if maze.lock().unwrap()[p[0]][p[1] + 1] < 2 {
        search([p[0], p[1] + 1, p[2] + 1]);
    }
    maze.lock().unwrap()[p[0]][p[1]] = 0;
}

fn main() {
    search([1, 1, 0])
}

Finished `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.41s
Running `target/debug/rust`
ゴール:6-10
移動回数:28

【Rust】迷路のゴールを幅優先探索で探す

壁は9, 既に行ったところは2、行ったことない場所は0、ゴールは1　とする問題設定が素晴らしいね。上下左右のマスをこれから行く場所として追加していくロジックも面白い。

use std::collections::VecDeque;

fn main() {
    let mut maze = [
        [9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9],
        [9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9],
        [9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9],
        [9, 0, 9, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9],
        [9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9],
        [9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9],
        [9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 1, 9],
        [9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9],
        [9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9],
        [9, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9],
        [9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9],
        [9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9]
    ];

    let mut pos: VecDeque<[usize; 3]> = vec![[1, 1, 0]].into();

    while pos.len() > 0 {
        let p = pos.pop_front().unwrap(); // x, y, depth

        if maze[p[0]][p[1]] == 1 {
            println!("ゴール:{}-{}", p[0], p[1]); 
            println!("移動回数:{}", p[2]); // z
            break;
        }
        maze[p[0]][p[1]] = 2;

        if maze[p[0] - 1][p[1]] < 2 {
            pos.push_back([p[0]- 1, p[1], p[2] + 1]);
        }
        if maze[p[0] + 1][p[1]] < 2 {
            pos.push_back([p[0]+1, p[1], p[2] + 1]);
        }
        if maze[p[0]][p[1] - 1] < 2 {
            pos.push_back([p[0], p[1] -1, p[2] + 1]);
        }
        if maze[p[0]][p[1] + 1] < 2 {
            pos.push_back([p[0], p[1] + 1, p[2] + 1]);
        }
    }
}

Finished `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.26s
Running `target/debug/rust`
ゴール:6-10
移動回数:28