apacheエラーログの場所とフォーマット

まず、apacheのエラーログの場所は、アクセスログと同様に、
/var/log/httpd/配下にあります

エラーログの中身を見てみましょう。
error_log-yyyymmdd

[Sun Dec 16 16:35:05 2018] [notice] Digest: generating secret for digest authentication ...
[Sun Dec 16 16:35:05 2018] [notice] Digest: done
[Sun Dec 16 16:35:06 2018] [notice] Apache/2.2.15 (Unix) DAV/2 configured -- resuming normal operations
[Mon Dec 17 22:12:31 2018] [notice] suEXEC mechanism enabled (wrapper: /usr/sbin/suexec)
[Mon Dec 17 22:12:32 2018] [notice] Digest: generating secret for digest authentication ...
[Mon Dec 17 22:12:32 2018] [notice] Digest: done
[Mon Dec 17 22:12:42 2018] [notice] Apache/2.2.15 (Unix) DAV/2 configured -- resuming normal operations
[Tue Dec 18 22:53:56 2018] [warn] child process 6696 still did not exit, sending a SIGTERM
[Tue Dec 18 22:53:58 2018] [notice] caught SIGTERM, shutting down
[Thu Dec 20 00:32:58 2018] [notice] suEXEC mechanism enabled (wrapper: /usr/sbin/suexec)
[Thu Dec 20 00:32:58 2018] [notice] Digest: generating secret for digest authentication ...
[Thu Dec 20 00:32:58 2018] [notice] Digest: done
[Thu Dec 20 00:33:03 2018] [notice] Apache/2.2.15 (Unix) DAV/2 configured -- resuming normal operations
[Sat Dec 22 21:33:15 2018] [notice] suEXEC mechanism enabled (wrapper: /usr/sbin/suexec)
[Sat Dec 22 21:33:15 2018] [notice] Digest: generating secret for digest authentication ...
[Sat Dec 22 21:33:15 2018] [notice] Digest: done
[Sat Dec 22 21:33:31 2018] [notice] Apache/2.2.15 (Unix) DAV/2 configured -- resuming normal operations
[Sun Dec 23 09:19:04 2018] [notice] SIGHUP received.  Attempting to restart
httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain for ServerName

割と色々出てますが、内容は比較的複雑ではありません。
[Sun Dec 23 09:19:04 2018] :エラー検知日付
[notice] : エラー重要度
SIGHUP received. Attempting to restart
httpd: Could not reliably determine the server’s fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain for ServerName : エラー内容

エラーレベルの種類
emerg: 緊急
alert: ただちに対処が必要
crit: 致命的状態
error: 通常エラー
warn: 警告
notice: 通知
info: サーバーの状態についての情報
debug: デバッグメッセージ

にゃーるほど