spam email {+, -}
sample rules: body “manly” +, from spouse -, short +, just URLs +, just image +, “pΘrn” +, “make money easy” +
1. Learn over a subset of data -> rule: uniformly randomly, pick data and apply a learner
2. combine: complex rule -> mean
Boosting
“hardest” examples
weighted mean
Error: mismatches
PrD[h(x) = c(x)]
