December 2019 – Page 9 – ソフトウェアエンジニアの技術ブログ：Software engineer tech blog

Eloquent One to Many(hasMany)

add hasMany property

public function posts(){
            return $this->hasMany('App\Post');
    }

route

public function posts(){
            return $this->hasMany('App\Post');
    }

hasOne, hasManyいずれにしてもモデルでプロパティを定義する必要があります。

mysql> select * from posts;
+—-+———+————–+————————–+———————+———————+———-+————+
| id | user_id | title | content | created_at | updated_at | is_admin | deleted_at |
+—-+———+————–+————————–+———————+———————+———-+————+
| 1 | 1 | php has many | learning has many method | 2019-12-06 13:19:29 | 2019-12-06 13:19:29 | 0 | NULL |
| 2 | 1 | php has many | learning has many method | 2019-12-06 13:20:01 | 2019-12-06 13:20:01 | 0 | NULL |
+—-+———+————–+————————–+———————+———————+———-+————+

Route::get('/posts', function(){
		$user = User::find(1);

		foreach($user->posts as $post){
			echo	$post->title . "<br>";
		}
});

hasManyの場合は、レコードが複数の為、returnではなく、foreachを使う

Eloquent One to One inverse (belongTo)

one to oneのinverseはモデルでhas oneではなく、belongToになる

class Post extends Model
{
    //
    use SoftDeletes;

    protected $dates = ['deleted_at'];
    // protected $table = 'posts'; 
	protected $fillable = [
		'title',
		'content'
	];

	public function user(){
			return $this->belongTo('App\User');
	}
}

Route::get('/post/{id}/user', function($id){

	return Post::find($id)->user->name;
});

大体のケースはUser側から下にぶら下がるから、ユーザを呼び出す時は、belongsToを使うイメージですな。

Eloquent retationship: hasOne(one to one)

public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->increments('id');
            $table->integer('user_id')->unsigned();
            $table->string('title');
            $table->text('content');
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }

$ php artisan migrate:refresh

Route::get('/basicinsert', function(){

	$post = new Post();

	$post->title = 'PHP post';
	$post->user_id = 1;
	$post->content = 'wow eloquent is really cool, look at this content';
	$post->save();
});

User.php

namespace App;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\User as Authenticatable;

class User extends Authenticatable
{
    /**
     * The attributes that are mass assignable.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $fillable = [
        'name', 'email', 'password',
    ];

    /**
     * The attributes that should be hidden for arrays.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $hidden = [
        'password', 'remember_token',
    ];

 public function post(){
        return $this->hasOne('App\Post');
    }
}

Route::get('/user/{id}/post', function($id){

	return	User::find(1)->post;
});

{“id”:2,”user_id”:1,”title”:”PHP post”,”content”:”wow eloquent is really cool, look at this content”,”created_at”:”2019-12-06 07:04:25″,”updated_at”:”2019-12-06 07:04:25″,”is_admin”:0,”deleted_at”:null}

userのモデル側にhasOneとしてるから、Post::find(4)->userだと表示されないのか？？
あれ、これって、いわゆるエンティティリレーションモデルのこと？？

softdeleteの永久削除: forceDelete

mysql> select * from posts;
+—-+——————-+—————————————————+———————+———————+———-+———————+
| id | title | content | created_at | updated_at | is_admin | deleted_at |
+—-+——————-+—————————————————+———————+———————+———-+———————+
| 1 | Update tile | Laravel is the best thing that happen to PHP | NULL | 2019-12-06 06:07:16 | 0 | NULL |
| 4 | new ORM title 2 | wow eloquent is really cool, look at this content | 2019-12-05 18:23:33 | 2019-12-06 06:09:28 | 0 | 2019-12-06 06:09:28 |
| 6 | php create method | Wow I’m learning a lot | 2019-12-06 05:09:21 | 2019-12-06 06:07:16 | 0 | NULL |
| 7 | new ORM title | wow eloquent is really cool, look at this content | 2019-12-06 05:45:03 | 2019-12-06 06:07:16 | 0 | NULL |
+—-+——————-+—————————————————+———————+———————+———-+———————+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Route::get('/forcedelete', function(){

		Post::withTrashed()->where('is_admin', 0)->forceDelete();
});

mysql> select * from posts;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

あれ？　全部削除？？　あ、withTrashedはrecordとsoftdeleteが混じっているので、softdeleteのみの場合は、onlyTrashedですな。失敬

softdeleteのレコードを元に戻すには

Route::get('/restore', function(){
		Post::withTrashed()->where('is_admin', 0)->restore();
});

just add restore function, easy way!
mysql> select * from posts;
+—-+——————-+—————————————————+———————+———————+———-+————+
| id | title | content | created_at | updated_at | is_admin | deleted_at |
+—-+——————-+—————————————————+———————+———————+———-+————+
| 1 | Update tile | Laravel is the best thing that happen to PHP | NULL | 2019-12-06 06:07:16 | 0 | NULL |
| 4 | new ORM title 2 | wow eloquent is really cool, look at this content | 2019-12-05 18:23:33 | 2019-12-06 06:07:16 | 0 | NULL |
| 6 | php create method | Wow I’m learning a lot | 2019-12-06 05:09:21 | 2019-12-06 06:07:16 | 0 | NULL |
| 7 | new ORM title | wow eloquent is really cool, look at this content | 2019-12-06 05:45:03 | 2019-12-06 06:07:16 | 0 | NULL |
+—-+——————-+—————————————————+———————+———————+———-+————+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

laravelのsoftdeleteとは？

softdeleteとは？
聞きなれない言葉ですが、論理削除の意味です。
論理削除とは、表面上は削除されるが、データはテーブルに残っている状態

migrationで、softdeletesメソッドを呼び出し、use softdetesとします。

namespace App;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\SoftDeletes;

class Post extends Model
{
    //
    use SoftDeletes;

    protected $dates = ['deleted_at'];
    // protected $table = 'posts'; 
	protected $fillable = [
		'title',
		'content'
	];
}

さらにmigrationファイルを追加

public function up()
    {
        Schema::table('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
            //
            $table->softDeletes();
        });
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::table('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
            //'
                        $table->dropColumn('deleted_at');
        });
    }

route

Route::get('/softdelete', function(){
		Post::find(1)->delete();
});

mysql> select * from posts;
+—-+——————-+—————————————————+———————+———————+———-+———————+
| id | title | content | created_at | updated_at | is_admin | deleted_at |
+—-+——————-+—————————————————+———————+———————+———-+———————+
| 1 | Update tile | Laravel is the best thing that happen to PHP | NULL | 2019-12-06 05:35:12 | 0 | 2019-12-06 05:35:12 |
| 4 | new ORM title 2 | wow eloquent is really cool, look at this content | 2019-12-05 18:23:33 | 2019-12-05 18:33:31 | 0 | NULL |
| 6 | php create method | Wow I’m learning a lot | 2019-12-06 05:09:21 | 2019-12-06 05:09:21 | 0 | NULL |
+—-+——————-+—————————————————+———————+———————+———-+———————+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

アプリケーションでユーザがアカウント削除するが、論理データはテーブルに残す時などに使えそうです。

Route::get('/readofsoftdelete', function(){
		$post = Post::find(1);
		return $post;
});

soft deleteのレコードは、eloquentでfindしようとしても、blank扱いとなります^^
beautiful than expected

Route::get('/readofsoftdelete', function(){
		// $post = Post::find(1);
		// return $post;
		$post = Post::withTrashed()->where('id', 1)->get();
		return $post;
});

[{“id”:1,”title”:”Update tile”,”content”:”Laravel is the best thing that happen to PHP”,”created_at”:null,”updated_at”:”2019-12-06 05:35:12″,”is_admin”:0,”deleted_at”:”2019-12-06 05:35:12″}]

onlyTrashedでsoftdeleted itemを呼び出すこともできる

Route::get('/readofsoftdelete', function(){
		// $post = Post::find(1);
		// return $post;
		// $post = Post::withTrashed()->where('id', 1)->get();
		// return $post;
		$post = Post::onlyTrashed()->where('is_admin', 0)->get();
		return $post;

});

eloquent update

Route::get('/update', function(){

	Post::where('id', 3)->update(['title'=>'new php title','content'=>'I found it']);
});

mysql> select * from posts;
+—-+——————-+——————————————————+———————+———————+———-+
| id | title | content | created_at | updated_at | is_admin |
+—-+——————-+——————————————————+———————+———————+———-+
| 1 | Update tile | Laravel is the best thing that happen to PHP | NULL | NULL | 0 |
| 3 | laravel awesome | Laravel is the best thing that happen to PHP, period | NULL | NULL | 0 |
| 4 | new ORM title 2 | wow eloquent is really cool, look at this content | 2019-12-05 18:23:33 | 2019-12-05 18:33:31 | 0 |
| 5 | php create method | Wow I’m learning a lot | 2019-12-05 18:47:53 | 2019-12-05 18:47:53 | 0 |
+—-+——————-+——————————————————+———————+———————+———-+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Route::get('/delete', function(){

	$post = Post::find(5);

	$post->delete();
});

Route::get('/delete2', function(){
	Post::destroy(3);
});

あ、何故deleteではなくdestroyの名称が使われているかわかりました。

MassAssignmentException

create methodで書くと、MassAssignmentExceptionとなる

Route::get('/create', function(){

	Post::create(['title'=>'php create method', 'content'=>'Wow I\'m learning a lot']);
	
});

その場合は、modelでfillableに配列としてカラム名を記入する

class Post extends Model
{
    //
    // protected $table = 'posts'; 
	protected $fillable = [
		'title',
		'content'
	]
}

curious

Eloquent insert

Route::get('/basicinsert', function(){

	$post = new Post();

	$post->title = 'new ORM title';
	$post->content = 'wow eloquent is really cool, look at this content';
	$post->save();
});

Route::get('/basicinsert2', function(){

	$post = Post::find(4);

	$post->title = 'new ORM title 2';
	$post->content = 'wow eloquent is really cool, look at this content';
	$post->save();
});

update methodとは異なる概念のようです。

Eloquent get()

use App\Post;
Route::get('/findwhere', function(){
	$posts = Post::where('id', 1)->orderBy('id', 'desc')->take(1)->get();
	return  $posts;

});

[{“id”:1,”title”:”Update tile”,”content”:”Laravel is the best thing that happen to PHP”,”created_at”:null,”updated_at”:null,”is_admin”:0}]

確かにraw queryのselect * fromよりもeasy to understand
DB::select(‘select * from posts where id = ?’, [1]);

FindOrFail()とも書ける

Route::get('/findmore', function(){

	$posts = Post::findOrFail(4);
	return $posts;

});