Internet infrastructure
– local and inter-domain routing
– TCP/IP for routing and messaging
– BGP for routing announcements
@Domain name system
find ip address from symbolic name
(www.cc.gatech.edu)
AT&T, CenturyLink, KPN International, NTT Communications, Sprint, Telecom Italia Sparkle, Telia Carrier, Zayo Group, Cogent Communications, Deutsche Telekom AG, Level 3 communications, Orange, Tata Comuunications, Telefonica Global Solutions, Verizon Enterprise Solutions
IP Provides only best effort delivery, it is not guaranteed
Due the connectionless nature of IP, data corruption, packet loss, duplication, and out-of-order delivery can occur.
IP Authentication
– Easy to override using raw sockets
– Libnet: a library for formatting raw packets with arbitrary IP headers
Transmission Control Protocol
Connectiion-oriented, preserves order
Acknowledge receipt; lost packets are resent
Random Initial Sequence Numbers
TCP SYN, ACK, Command, SYN/ACK
Address Resolution Protocol(ARP)
Open Shortest Path First(OSPF)
Border Gateway Protocol(BGP)
